When choosing a electric motor for an application, a primary consideration may be the speed range it will be operated in. Whenever a motor is run substantially slower than its rated base speed, a number of potential adverse effects will come into play, including reduced cooling efficiency, reduced power effectiveness and a change in the motor’s acceleration and torque features. To mitigate this issue, some motors and swiftness controllers have been designed especially to drive lots at low speeds with exact control.
Most domestic and commercial motor applications use 3-phase asynchronous induction motors, which operate 
at a speed that’s determined by the frequency of the supply power. When an application operates at a constant speed, the only thing that is needed could be a gearbox or rate reducer that brings the motor speed down to the mandatory level. Nevertheless, many applications need the speed of the electric motor to be various during operation.
This is usually achieved utilizing a VFD or Adjustable Frequency Drive, which controls the speed by modifying the frequency fed to the motor. Selecting the most appropriate electric motor and VFD type depends upon a number of factors, however, it is necessary to 1st look at how the characteristics of a motor change when the swiftness is reduced.
A motor usually includes a base speed, specified by the product manufacturer, that it is certainly designed to operate at. However, if a electric motor is operated below the base speed, it could experience reduced efficiency of the cooling system. Especially with frequently used Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled (TEFC) and ODP (Open Drip Evidence) motors, where the cooling system consists mainly of a shaft-mounted lover, a decrease in speed outcomes in decreased airflow over the electric motor and loss of cooling, and temperature buildup occurs. Especially when the motor is operated with complete torque at low speeds, heat can quickly build up within the motor to harming levels.
Gearboxes and velocity reducers are mechanical quickness reduction equipment used in automation control systems.
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